![]() ![]() Kingdom of Ireland derivative work by Elevatorrailfan.Duchy of Parma and Piacenza derivative work by Facquis.Ecclesiastical lands of the Holy Roman Empire.(alternative file: Habsburg Hereditary Lands derivative work by TRAJAN 117).( Alternative version excluding extra-imperial Prussian and Habsburg territory derivative work by TRAJAN 117).In 1860 the Kingdom of Sardinia united almost all Italian lands into the newly re-formed Kingdom of Italy, and within the next decade the remainder of Italian lands not part of the Austrian Empire/Austria-Hungary, Switzerland or San Marino were also integrated. While not a united polity, the County of Sicily and Duchy of Apulia and Calabria were both ruled by members of the House of Hauteville (in 1097 by Roger Bosso (uncle) and Roger Borsa (nephew) respectively) and were closely tied. Norman possessions in southern Italy – 1097 As an single entity, southern Italy was sometimes united, sometimes not, during this period. While Charlemagne conquered the northern portion of the Lombard kingdom, the south remained separate, apart from a few periods of personal union, until the unification of Italy in the 19th century. In 1805 Napoleon crowned himself King of Italy and subsequently created a client-kingdom in north-eastern Italy.Ĭlient state of the First French Empire existed 1805–1814 Partitioned from Francia in the Treaty of Verdun along with West Francia (later the Kingdom of France see above) and East Francia (later the Kingdom of Germany see above)Ĭonstituent Kingdom of the Holy Roman Empire 951–1806 (although its states became autonomous in 1176 and for most practical purposes it ceased to exist far earlier than 1806) Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire) – 1000 Other than a few periods of personal union with its southern neighbours, the north-south divide would remain until the unification of Italy in the 19th century. This northern portion later evolved into the Kingdom of Italy (following its partition from Middle Francia in the 855 Treaty of Prüm), and formed part of the Holy Roman Empire from 962. However, only northern and central Italy fell under Frankish control (nominally including the central Italian Papal territory). In 774 Charlemagne conquered the Kingdom of the Lombards. German Democratic Republic (East Germany) – 1956-90 In 1871 the Prussian-ruled North German Confederation was united with the southern German states (except Austria the so-called Lesser German Solution) to form the German Empire, the first modern German state.įederal Republic of Germany (West Germany) – 1956-90 In 1806 the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved under French pressure.Ī confederation of German client-states of the First French EmpireĪn attempted partial resurrection of the Holy Roman Empire after the Napoleonic warsĪ Prussian-dominated successor to the German Confederation following the 1866 Austro-Prussian War Partitioned from Francia in the Treaty of Verdun along with Middle Francia and West Francia (later the Kingdom of France see above) Also known as Francia, the Kingdom of the Franks and the Carolingian Empire ![]()
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